c Relative abundances of principal bacterial groups, the abundances were summarized under the relative higher taxonomic categories (classes and phyla) and reported as percentages of the total. Note: in a and b the same data are plotted, but with different color codes. b PCoA (based on Binary-Pearson metric, sampling depth = 3600) illustrating similarity of bacterial communities based on weeks of acclimation (woa). These results indicate that microbiota plasticity can contribute to animal thermal acclimation and its transmission to the next generation may represent a rapid mechanism for thermal adaptation.īacterial community changes in response to thermal acclimationĪ PCoA (based on the binary-Pearson metric, sampling depth = 3600) illustrating similarity of bacterial communities based on acclimation temperature (AT). The offspring fitness is highest from F0 females acclimated to high temperature and specific members of the acclimated microbiota are transmitted to the next generation. The higher thermal tolerance of animals acclimated to high temperature can be transferred to non-acclimated animals through microbiota transplantation. Using the same animal clonal line, propagated from a single polyp, allows us to eliminate the effects of the host genotype. We long-term acclimate polyps of Nematostella to low, medium, and high temperatures, to test the impact of microbiota-mediated plasticity on animal acclimation. Here, we use the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, which has evolved the capability of surviving in a wide range of temperatures and salinities, as a model to investigate the microbiota as a source of rapid adaptation. Thus, it is critical to understand alternative mechanisms that allow organisms to cope with rapid environmental changes. At the current rate of climate change, it is unlikely that multicellular organisms will be able to adapt to changing environmental conditions through genetic recombination and natural selection alone.
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